閱讀答題技巧：篇章層次的詞匯理解

篇章詞匯理解主要測(cè)試的是考生在實(shí)際語(yǔ)境中對(duì)單詞的理解和把握能力，因此重點(diǎn)考查的詞性是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等主要實(shí)詞，一般不會(huì)涉及介詞、冠詞等不具有實(shí)際意義的虛詞。

考生應(yīng)該把選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行歸類，，如動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等包括哪幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)。然后再根據(jù)空格所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文時(shí)態(tài)推測(cè)所填詞的可能詞性和形式，將選擇范圍限定在某一個(gè)或兩個(gè)詞性內(nèi)，再按照上下文意思來(lái)進(jìn)行確定

樣題解析：

El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信風(fēng)), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 °C.
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮濕的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.

A) estimate B) strength C) deliberately D) notify
E) tropical F) phenomenon G) stable H) attraction
I) completely J) destructive K) starvation L) bringing
M) exhaustion N) worth O) strike

選項(xiàng)歸類后可以看出：其中名詞有B,F,H,K,M，動(dòng)詞包含A,D,O,L 其中只有L為現(xiàn)在分詞形式，其余皆為動(dòng)詞原型；形容詞包括E, G, J,N,另外還有C,I 兩個(gè)副詞?？珊?jiǎn)單做標(biāo)示。
通讀原文，第47題明顯應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞作為happens的主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句子開(kāi)首this指代詞的提示，填入的名詞當(dāng)為前句梗概的指代，即“厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象”，此處即為表現(xiàn)象用詞，選F。48空位置與介詞之后，按照語(yǔ)法介賓短語(yǔ)的搭配要求，從剩下四個(gè)名詞選項(xiàng)做四選一的選擇，根據(jù)下文匹配的溫度升高，可得此處也為一項(xiàng)指數(shù)，只有B）strength得選。49，明顯為形容詞選項(xiàng)，而經(jīng)過(guò)詞性整理，我們可以知道這也只是一個(gè)四選一的題。50許為全文語(yǔ)法要求最高的，按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，一個(gè)句號(hào)前只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)主句，因而在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)確立的情況下，floods不可能再為動(dòng)詞而是名詞，50的位置也只有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和介詞兩種選擇，而選項(xiàng)中完全沒(méi)有介詞，這里的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只有一個(gè)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法判斷，此處選項(xiàng)。下文還有類似53這樣的數(shù)字詞組搭配（eight billion worth of damage），建立在一定程度的語(yǔ)言熟悉度和語(yǔ)感上。