烤鴨經(jīng)驗：雅思大作文如何組織idea

　 　 寫作之前還是好好為你的大作選幾個好的ideas，并把它們組織起來~~下面就看看具體怎么操作吧！
　 　 Planning IELTS essays and finding ideas
　 　 This lesson looks at how planning better can help you write better essays. I focus in particular on ideas – something that catches many candidates out. The two key points are that the ideas you need to write an IELTS essay are fairly simple and it helps to make a difference between ideas, reasons and examples.

　 　 Problem 1 – not enough ideas 觀點不夠
　 　 This is one of most common reasons for candidates to go wrong in the writing paper. They see a question. Try to think of ideas. Come up empty and panic. You will find part of my solution to this below. For now, I will just say that you need very few ideas to write a good essay and those ideas can be simple ideas too. Dont buy a book on ideas for essays, instead learn this tip:
　 　 Tip – you need only 2 ideas to write an essay and those ideas are often found in the question
　 　 Problem 2 – the ideas are confused 觀點混淆
　 　 This is also a very common mistake. There are plenty of ideas to write an essay. The problem is that the reader/examiner does not know what the main ideas are.
　 　 Tip – make sure you have one main idea per paragraph. This should be clear from the first sentence of the paragraph
　 　 Problem 3 – too many ideas 觀點太多
　 　 Yes, some people do have too many ideas. This is a trap for candidates aiming for a high score. In particular, if they are used to writing academic essays. IELTS is a 250 word essay marked on language. That means it is probably much shorter than you are used to and there are no marks for quality and quantity of ideas.
　 　 Tip – select only enough ideas to write a complete essay – that means one per paragraph
　 　 Finding ideas for essays 怎么確定觀點呢？
　 　 Step 1 – understand the difference between ideas, reasons and examples 區(qū)分觀點、原因、例子的區(qū)別
　 　 When I ask my students in a class for ideas, they quite often stare at me in silence. When I ask them the question why or ask them to give me an example, they (normally!) have plenty to say. That should tell you there is a difference between ideas, reasons (why) and examples. The good news is ideas are not the problem in IELTS, what you need are reasons and examples. They are normally much easier to find.
　 　 A paragraph is one idea: supported with reasons and examples. You only need two ideas.
　 　 Step 2 – learning where to find ideas for essays?試著從問題里找觀點
　 　 The ideas you need for an essay are nearly always found in the question. They are typically so big that you think they are too easy to be a real idea. Thats the trap. What do I mean? Take this example:
　 　 Human activities have endangered many animal and plant species. Some people think it is too late to save them, while others think humans should still take some action. Discuss both views and express your own opinions.
　 　 This is one of the harder questions I have seen recently, but the ideas you need are simple enough.
　 　 It is too late to save endangered species
　 　 It is not too late to save species
　 　 It is that easy. Those two ideas are your two main topic paras. All you need now are some reasons and examples.
　 　 Step 3 – finding reasons and examples – ask yourself questions 通過問問題來確定原因和例子
　 　 Here you have different options. One trick is simply ask yourself the questions why? or how? or when? or what? That is often enough.
　 　 Step 4 – thinking vocabulary gives you more ideas 通過詞匯來激發(fā)靈感
　 　 This is something else I use with my students a lot. It might also work for you. The concept is that once you have words, then ideas come naturally from those words. Try thinking of planning words and see if it works for you.
　 　 Organising and selecting your ideas reasons and examples
　 　 Key concept – one idea per paragraph supported by reasons and examples 一段一觀點
　 　 Look at these two sample paragraphs from the essay and see how I use simple ideas from the question:
　 　 Much of the argument against taking any action to save these species is that the process is irreversible. Just to take one example, there are now so few Giant Pandas left in the wild, they will in all probability become extinct in the foreseeable future. There are simply too few bamboo forests left in order for them to survive. This is also the case with many other endangered species who have lost, or are losing, their natural habitat.
　 　 NotesThe first sentence outlines what the paragraph is about. It is the idea from the question: Some people think it is too late to save them. The rest of paragraph is an explanation of that idea
　 　 Giant Pandas arre threatened and will die out (example)
　 　 Problem with habitat (extended example)
　 　 Other species have same pattern (explanation of example)
　 　 The opposite view is that it is the responsibilty of mankind to act and try and save these species for posterity.There is a moral aspect to this argument because most of these species are only endangered because of mans actions and it is our duty to make amends. Another consideration is that advances in science, especially in the field of genetics, mean that we may be able to recreate some of their lost habitats. It is no longer the case that the only option is to preserve these species for future generations in zoos and botanical gardens.
　 　 Notes
　 　 You should see that this paragraph follows almost the same model. There is one clear and simple idea in the first sentence. It relates back to the question words: while others think humans should still take some action. The rest of the paragraph explains that idea:
　 　 moral duty because it is our fault (reason why)
　 　 science can now help through genetics (second reason why)
　 　 zoos are not the only solution (extended second reason why)
　 　 Key concept – you dont need to include all your reasons and examples
　 　 My notes for this essay included all this. They are my notes, so you dont need to understand them all. What I want you to see is that I have not included everything. In an academic essay I might have. Here I have selected the ideas that were easiest to write about.

　 　 zoos (example)
　 　 breed in captivity (example extended)
　 　 preservation (how)
　 　 giant pandas (example)
　 　 medical benefits (why)
　 　 loss of habitat (why)
　 　 river dolphins (example)
　 　 biodiversity (reason)
　 　 logging and rainforests (example)
　 　 dams (example)
　 　 progress of man (why)
　 　 deforestation (how)
　 　 bamboo forest (where)
　 　 science (why)
　 　 cloning (example)
　 　 genetics (example)
　 　 moral responsibility (why)
　 　 Key concept – balance your paragraphs
　 　 There are a number of different possible essay structures. My default (normal) structure is to have 2 paragraphs that balance each other – it is surprising how often this structure works. It is good for the coherence of the essay, it also makes it easier to write – especially if you are short of ideas. You use the second content paragraph can reflect the ideas in the first paragraph, but from the opposite point of view.